Dziwani luso la kupanga zinthu zatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito sosi zopanga kwambiri

M'mbiri yonse, luso lophika lakhala njira yodziwika bwino komanso yolenga yomwe yathandiza anthu kufufuza, kuyesa, ndikusangalatsa malingaliro awo. Mu ulendo wophikira uwu, zokometsera zakhala zinthu zodziwika bwino, ndipo pakati pawo, msuzi wakhala ndi malo apadera. Zolengedwa zamadzimadzi izi, zomwe zingakhale zokoma, zamchere, zowawasa, kapena zokometsera, zakhala zikugwirizana ndi mbale zodziwika bwino kwambiri za nthawi iliyonse ndi chigawo chilichonse, kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonjezera kukoma ndi kapangidwe kake. Koma kupitirira ntchito yawo yothandiza, msuzi wasanduka malo a zatsopano pazakudyakumene malingaliro ndi kuyesera sizimadziwa malire.

M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza momwe sauces yakhala njira yodziwira zakudya m'mbiri yonse, momwe zatsopano pazakudya yasintha ntchito yake pa zakudya zamakono, ndipo tifufuza zomwe zikuchitika zomwe zikusintha momwe timamvetsetsera ndikugwiritsa ntchito zolengedwa zokomazi. Tidzapezanso sosi zisanu za amayi zomwe zakhazikitsa maziko a zakudya zakale komanso momwe zingatanthauziridwenso masiku ano.

Kodi ma sauces adasintha bwanji pakapita nthawi?

Ma sosi, monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito pophika mbale, ali ndi mbiri yakale monga kuphika kokha. Kale, anthu otchuka monga Aigupto, Agiriki, ndi Aroma ankagwiritsa ntchito kale zosakaniza za zitsamba, zonunkhira, ndi zosakaniza zina kuti akonze kukoma kwa chakudya chawo. Ma sosi oyambirirawa sankangowonjezera kukoma kokha komanso anali ndi cholinga chosungira, zomwe zimathandiza kukulitsa nthawi yosungira chakudya munthawi yopanda firiji.

Mphamvu ya zonunkhira mu Middle Ages ndi Renaissance

Mu Middle Ages, zonunkhira zinakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu zakudya zaku Europe. Malonda a zonunkhira monga tsabola, cloves, ndi sinamoni anagwirizanitsa Kum'mawa ndi Kumadzulo, ndipo zosakaniza zamtengo wapatalizi zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga msuzi ndi zokometsera zomwe zinawonjezera kukoma kwachilendo ku mbale. Mu Renaissance, kuphika kunakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo msuzi unayamba kuonedwa ngati njira yaluso. Ophika a nthawi imeneyo anayesa kuphatikiza zosakaniza monga batala, kirimu, ndi vinyo kuti apange msuzi wovuta komanso wonunkhira bwino.

Kusintha kwa msuzi mu zakudya zamakono

M'zaka za m'ma 1800, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa malo odyera ndi zakudya zapamwamba, msuzi unakhala maziko a zakudya zaku France. Auguste Escoffier, m'modzi mwa ophika otchuka kwambiri m'mbiri, adawakonza mwadongosolo. sosi za amayi (monga béchamel, velouté, espagnole, ndi hollandaise) zomwe zakhala maziko a zakudya zakale mpaka lero. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, msuzi wasintha kuti ugwirizane ndi zokonda zatsopano komanso njira zophikira.

Masiku ano, sosi sizilinso zongowonjezera mbale zokha; zakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zatsopano. Ophika amakono amayesa zosakaniza zachilendo, njira zatsopano, komanso kuphatikiza kodabwitsa kuti apange sosi zomwe zimadutsa malire a miyambo.

Kodi luso la kuphika ndi chiyani?

La zatsopano pazakudya Limatanthauza njira yopangira mbale zatsopano, njira, ndi zinthu zomwe zimasiyana ndi miyambo yakale komanso zomwe zimapereka zokumana nazo zapadera za zakudya. Lingaliro ili silimangokhudza zakudya zapamwamba zokha koma limagwira ntchito m'magawo onse a chakudya, kuyambira kuphika kunyumba mpaka makampani opanga chakudya.

Kufunika kwa luso lamakono kukhitchini

La zatsopano pazakudya Sikuti kungopanga chinthu chatsopano kuti chikhale chosiyana ndi ena, komanso kupereka njira zatsopano zothetsera mavuto omwe alipo pakali pano. Mwachitsanzo, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chokhazikika, komanso chopangidwa ndi munthu payekha kwapangitsa ophika kupanganso mbale zachikhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zina komanso njira zosamalira chilengedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, luso lophika limalola ophika kufotokozera umunthu wawo ndi kulumikizana ndi malo awo kudzera mu chakudya. Chakudya chatsopano chingathe kufotokoza nkhani, kukumbutsa malo, kapena kukondwerera mwambo m'njira yamakono komanso yoyambirira.

Udindo wa msuzi mu luso lophikira

Misosi ndi munda wobereka zipatso kwa zatsopano pazakudyaChifukwa chakuti kusinthasintha kwake kumalola kuphatikiza kopanda malire kwa zosakaniza ndi zokometsera. Kusintha kosavuta kwa kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza kapena kuwonjezera chosakaniza chachilendo kungasinthe kwathunthu mawonekedwe a msuzi.

Mu zakudya zamakono, ophika akufufuza mawonekedwe atsopano, zokometsera, ndi njira zatsopano zopangira msuzi wothandiza komanso wokongola. Mwachitsanzo, msuzi wokhala ndi thovu, wopaka mafuta, kapena wophikidwa ufa ukutchuka m'malesitilanti apamwamba, zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso chamitundu yosiyanasiyana chomwe chimaposa kukoma.

Kodi njira zamakono zophikira ndi zatsopano ndi ziti?

Zakudya zamakono zili ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zikusintha momwe timaganizira za chakudya, makamaka sosi. Pansipa, tifufuza zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri mu zatsopano pazakudya zamakono

1. Zakudya za m'thupi

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zomwe zimatchuka ndi ophika monga Ferran Adrià ndi Heston Blumenthal, zasintha momwe zosakaniza zimasinthira kukhala mbale. Pankhani ya msuzi, izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe atsopano, monga thovu, ma jellies, ndi ma spherifications. Njirazi sizimangodabwitsa kukoma kokha komanso zimapereka mawonekedwe apadera.

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito fermentation

Kuphika chakudya mowirikiza, njira yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri kuti chakudya chisungidwe, yakhala yotchuka kwambiri m'zakudya zamakono. Misuzi yophika monga miso, kimchi, ndi soya sauce ikusinthidwanso kuti ipange kukoma kovuta komanso kozama. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphika chakudya mowirikiza kumalola ophika kuti agwiritse ntchito zosakaniza zakomweko komanso zanyengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chikhale chokhazikika.

3. Zakudya zamasamba ndi zamasamba

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso cha momwe chakudya chimakhudzira chilengedwe komanso makhalidwe abwino, zakudya zamasamba ndi zamasamba zikuchulukirachulukira. Misuzi yochokera ku zomera, monga avocado, tahini, kapena sosi ya yisiti yopatsa thanzi, ikuyamba kutchuka ngati njira zina zokoma komanso zathanzi m'malo mwa sosi zachikhalidwe.

4. Kugogomezera kwambiri umami

Umami, yomwe ndi njira yachisanu yophikira, yakhala ikuphunziridwa kwambiri pa zakudya zamakono. Misuzi yomwe imasonyeza kukoma kumeneku, monga soya msuzi, miso, ndi anchovy paste, ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kuzama kwa mbale. Kuphatikiza apo, zosakaniza monga bowa wa shiitake, tomato wouma padzuwa, ndi tchizi cha Parmesan nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa mu msuzi kuti umami iwonjezere mphamvu.

5. Kusakanikirana kwa mitundu yonse ya zokometsera

M'dziko lomwe likugwirizana kwambiri, ophika akuphatikiza zokometsera ndi njira zochokera kuzikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kuti apange msuzi wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza zakudya zaku Asia ndi Mediterranean kwapangitsa kuti pakhale msuzi wosakaniza soya ndi adyo ndi mandimu, kapena sriracha ndi mayonesi. Kuphatikiza kumeneku sikungopereka zokometsera zatsopano komanso kukuwonetsa kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe cha nthawi yathu.

Kodi ma sosi 5 a amayi ndi ati?

Ngakhale kuti ma sauces asintha kwambiri pakapita nthawi, sosi za amayi Misuzi isanu iyi yopangidwa ndi Auguste Escoffier, idakali maziko a zakudya zakale. Ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa imatha kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa kuti ipange mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

1. Béchamel

Msuzi wa Béchamel ndi umodzi mwa msuzi wodziwika bwino kwambiri. Wopangidwa ndi batala, ufa, ndi mkaka, umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a mbale monga ma croquettes, cannelloni, ndi lasagna. Ukhozanso kukometsedwa ndi tchizi, mpiru, kapena zonunkhira kuti apange mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

2. Velvety

Msuzi wa Velouté umapangidwa ndi msuzi wa nkhuku kapena nsomba, batala, ndi ufa. Ndi wopepuka komanso wosakhwima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kuperekedwa ndi nsomba kapena nkhuku. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe zimapangidwa ndi msuzi wa supu, womwe umapangidwa ndi msuzi wa nkhuku ndi kirimu.

3. Chisipanishi

Espagnole, yomwe imaonedwa kuti ndi yovuta kwambiri pa msuzi waukulu, imapangidwa ndi msuzi wakuda, batala, ufa, ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Ndi maziko a msuzi monga demi-glace, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi nyama yokazinga kapena supu.

4. Chidatchi

Msuzi wa Hollandaise ndi wopangidwa kuchokera ku mazira a dzira, batala, ndi madzi a mandimu. Umadziwika ndi kapangidwe kake kosalala komanso kofewa ndipo nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbale monga mazira a Benedict kapena ndiwo zamasamba zophikidwa ndi nthunzi.

5. Tomate

Msuzi wa phwetekere ndi wokoma kwambiri komanso wopatsa mphamvu kuposa msuzi wamba. Wopangidwa ndi tomato watsopano kapena wophikidwa m'zitini, anyezi, adyo, ndi zitsamba, umakhala maziko a mbale monga pasitala, msuzi wa pizza, ndi supu zamasamba.

Kusintha kwamakono ndi kumasulira kosinthidwa

Ngakhale kuti sosi zakale zimakhalabe zofunika, ophika amakono akupeza njira zatsopano zozimasuliranso. Mwachitsanzo, béchamel ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi mtundu wa vegan wopangidwa ndi mkaka wa amondi ndi batala wa kokonati, pomwe msuzi wa phwetekere ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi zonunkhira zaku India kuti apange mtundu wachilendo kwambiri.

Pomaliza, sosi ndi zambiri kuposa kungowonjezera chabe; ndi chiwonetsero cha luso lophika, miyambo, ndi zatsopano. M'mbiri yonse, zakhala zikusintha kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha kwa zokonda, njira, ndi zosakaniza zomwe zilipo. Masiku ano, sosi ikadali malo oyesera, komwe ophika amatha kupititsa malire a zomwe zingatheke ndikupanga zokumana nazo zapadera za zakudya. Kaya ndinu wophika wodziwa bwino ntchito kapena wokonda chakudya, dziko la sosi limapereka chilengedwe cha zokometsera ndi mwayi womwe ukuyembekezera kufufuzidwa.